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BIO200LA（その他の総合生物・生物学 / Biology 200）
General Biology LA
異なる細胞が合体して真核細胞が誕生し、さらに進化する

Hisayoshi NOZAKI

Class code etc
Faculty/Graduate school ILAC Course
Attached documents
Year 2024
Class code Q3231
Previous Class code P3065
Previous Class title 生命科学Ⅱ
Term 春学期授業/Spring
Day/Period 月4/Mon.4
Class Type
Campus 市ヶ谷
Classroom name 市G‐G403
Grade 法文営国環キ1～4年
Credit(s) 2
Notes
Open Program
Open Program (Notes)
Global Open Program
Interdepartmental class taking system for Academic Achievers ○
Interdepartmental class taking system for Academic Achievers (Notes)
Class taught by instructors with practical experience
SDGs CP
Urban Design CP
Diversity CP
Learning for the Future CP
Carbon Neutral CP
Chiyoda Campus Consortium
Optional/Compulsory
Category (2018~) 2017年度以降入学者
ILAC科目
200番台 リベラルアーツ科目
3群（自然分野）
Category (2017)

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Outline (in English)

【Course outline】
Although we often speak of "organisms" from bacteria to humans, their cellular structures are fundamentally different: bacteria do not have mitochondria in their cells. Furthermore, unlike animals such as humans, plants have chloroplasts in their cells. The purpose of this lecture is to understand that these intracellular organelles originate from “ancient endosymbiosis”, which was established by the union of different organisms from 1 to 2 billion years ago. For this purpose, it is necessary to understand the diversity of organisms that currently exist on the earth, as well as the morphology inside the cell and the state and distribution of the genetic material DNA. We will also understand the unique DNA and mode of inheritance of the organelles. The cells that make up our own bodies have a history of "intracellular symbiosis" with bacteria from 1 to 2 billion years ago. Furthermore, the students should understand that the descendants of those bacteria still live as organelles in our cells, which can be observed under a microscope, and that the origin of the organelles can be traced by phylogenetic analysis of their DNA. From time to time, we will also introduce results of Nozaki’s original research.
【Learning Objectives】
To understand how the diversity of organisms on earth can be classified by the basic characteristics of their intracellular organelles, how the mitochondria and chloroplasts of organelles came into being in "intracellular symbiosis," what mode of inheritance mitochondria and chloroplasts have, and how the DNA of organelles can be phylogenetically analyzed to find their origin. The students will also understand that further intracellular symbiosis has occurred since then and that cells have evolved and diversified greatly, and that new intracellular symbiosis is still occurring and the cells of living organisms are evolving moment by moment. Students will deepen their understanding of the cell, the smallest unit of life, and its diversity and evolutionary history. In addition, DNA and genome information on living organisms on the earth is currently available free of charge via the Internet, and students will learn about methods for obtaining this information and conducting phylogenetic analysis.
【Learning activities outside of classroom】The standard preparation and review time for this class is 2 hours each. Materials to be used in class will be presented in the "Teaching Materials" section of the Learning Support System in advance, so students are expected to prepare well in advance. Students are expected to review the contents of the class and answer the assignments given in the class without making mistakes. Please spend at least 4 hours per class on preparation and review.
【Grading Criteria /Policy】
An assignment/inquiry will be given after each class, and grading will be based on the evaluation score of 12-14 assignments, each assignment is worth 10 points, and the total score for 12-14 assignments is 120-140 points.

Default language used in class

日本語 / Japanese